
Of Workers, Wax and Royalty: the tale of a sweetly satisfied local beekeeper
By Jenaye Antonuccio (photo by Sherry DiBari)
A veil. A smoker. A cage for a queen.
These are a few of the many tools needed when Jack Cantrell works with a hairy, four-winged, five-eyed insect that communicates through dance and works itself to death producing gold.
Cantrell, local beekeeper and president of the Athens County Area Beekeeping Association (ACABA), is devoted to all things bee: his license plate reads “HUNEBEE”, the last four digits of his phone number is “BEES”, and he’s comfortable nearly always wearing his plastic beekeeping helmet. His fascination and dedication has spanned over 40 years, save for one, in which he was unhappily hive-less. “I couldn’t stand it anymore,” he says, “so I got started again. All my life all I ever wanted to do was raise honey bees.”
“I carry a hive tool like most people carry a pen,” he says.
Yet the tools he uses most often are his hands, which are usually covered with stings. Most of the time, he pays no mind. But a few weeks ago, when setting up 100 more new hives on his farm, he says his hands swelled so bad he had to remove his wedding ring – a rare occasion.
This doesn’t stop him. “I could be in a beehive all day long and it doesn’t bother me,” he says.
Cantrell sells pure honey and his wife’s beeswax candles at the Farmer’s Market, and honey in select stores around town. He sells bees and queens from his “survivor” stock of a breed known for its cleanliness and non-aggressive characteristics – Italian honeybees of the Minnesota hygienic strain.
But recent population decline and disease surges – varroa and tracheal mites, and nosema spores - have plagued honeybees across the nation. In addition, a phenomenon called Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), affecting mostly larger beekeeping operations, has stumped the industry with unexplainable disappearances of entire colonies of bees from hives. Officials speculate that environment and climate change is the culprit, in addition to superabundance of low-nutrition-value crops.
“My feeling is that without help from the beekeeper, I don’t know if the bees could survive,” says Cantrell. Disease control is constant within his hives, particularly chemical-free methods, like the use latex gloves to prevent disease from spreading, or dusting the bees with powdered sugar, prompting them to clean themselves and dislodge the mites.
Beekeeping, it seems, is more necessary than we realize. Studies have proven that honeybees directly impact the economy and environment. According to the U. S. Department of Agriculture, honeybee pollination, especially of specialty crops, adds $15 billion in annual value to U. S. crop production. More than 90 crops solely depend on pollination by honeybees. If declines of honeybees and beekeepers continued, it could greatly impact fruit and vegetable growers and increase prices of already-expensive produce.
Is there sweetness in our future? “I think the bees will survive this,” Cantrell states. “We have challenges with it, but more people are using the survivor stock.”
Whether as a backyard hobbyist or managing a full-fledged operation, keeping bees is rising in popularity as a beneficial, sustainable, and lucrative venture.
Even the White House has gotten involved. A recent addition of two hives to the newly resurrected White House garden further promotes beekeeping's benefits. “I think that it is great!” says Cantrell. “They are promoting beekeeping, gardening and sustainability for their own family.”
He adds, laughing, “I’d like to see him (Obama) in a veil going through the hive.”
Likewise, the Athens area has seen piqued interest in beekeeping. As president of the ACABA, Cantrell’s phone rings constantly. This year there are 50 members (15 of whom are new), with 32 additional hives started in the area. “Our goal is for people to buy local bees,” he says, “because they survived winter here, and they are used to our winters.”
In December, after 35 years of selling insurance, Cantrell began fulfilling his lifelong dream of keeping bees full-time. “I work harder now than I ever have in my life, but I don’t look at it as work,” he says. “It is fun - I am having the time of my life.”
And it is all for this:
The acres of the farm he and his wife own are occupied by the nucleus yard for starting bees, the “Honey House” which holds a 400 gallon storage tank connected to the extractor, the candle-making shop with more than 70 molds and color chips to add to the golden beeswax, and a barn full of waiting, regulation hand-built “supers” – the hives. He maintains hives scattered on other properties from here to Gallipolis to Johnstown, to save the bees from starving in such close proximity. He’s been spotted many-a-time driving down the highway with his smoker still going full blast from the back of his truck and veil still in place on his head.
And this is the honey season. This June, he’s already begun extracting honey made from the honey locust trees, and will continue extractions throughout the season, depending on current blooms. This includes the buckwheat he will plant in a nearby field, specifically for the unique, dark brew it makes.
Honey, other than serving as an alternative sweetener, has also been touted as easing allergy symptoms, coating a sore throat, and soothing burns. At the Farmer’s Market, where Cantrell has sold honey and candles for nine years, he cheerfully hands out “honey sticks” – sealed straws filled with local bees’ special brew.
Sustaining the “survivor” strength in our local bees sometimes involves the act of caging a queen. Bees reproduce all year round, especially when kept warm and supplied with a food-source over the winter. Eggs are laid regularly, looking like small grains of rice in the bottom of a cell. Queens are grown from larvae stage: the bees eat the wax around her cell, leaving it to hang down, and feed her strict secretions of “royal jelly”. The queen, slightly larger than the rest of the bees, rules the hive, the other bees serving her.
Cantrell cages queens to sell, or to quickly sustain a hive whose queen has died, or to start a new hive. With his bare hands, Cantrell lifts the frame from the “super”. The frame is covered with crawling bees. He spots her, picks her out with his fingers, and deftly places her in the “cage” – a plastic container that fits easily in his shirt pocket.
The cage is then inserted into a hive. The bees, seeking to kill her as an intruder, will take three days to eat the piece of candy blocking her escape from the cage. In that amount of time, they will realize they need her. As soon as the candy is gone, they will have released her, ready for rule.
“They are amazing insects,” Cantrell marvels.
His years of beekeeping have taught him to continue operating in ways that works best for him. “It is a learning experience,” he says. “What works for one beekeeper might not work for someone else - it all depends on your own operation.”
Sometimes, after busy weeks of extracting, he gets tired of looking at honey. But he never grows tired of the taste. His favorites? “Peanut butter and honey!” he exclaims. “And honey on vanilla ice cream.”
Mmmm… how sweet it is.